Between the late 1960s and the late 1990s, gross domestic product in Indonesia grew by an average of 6-7% a year and poverty dropped from 50% to 10% - a feat accomplished without increasing inequality. Throughout this period, large investments were made in primary education, leading to almost complete enrolment at schools and sharp declines in illiteracy. In the health sector, a network of health centres and subcentres was established. Between 1980 and 1997, death rates in children younger than 1 year and 5 year fell by about 30% and 40%, respectively. Improved nutrition and access to basic healht-care services such as immunisation and treatment of childhood illnesses including acute respiratory infection, diarrhoeal disease, and malaria were key factores in the upward trend in health status.